Abstract
Trauma-informed counseling is an increasingly important component of contemporary counselor training and practice, but it remains under-represented in supervisory models and frameworks. As supervision is identified as the primary and signature practice for the training of all mental health professionals, we developed a conceptual and integrative supervision model grounded in the theoretical and research support for trauma-informed counselor training. Extending the discrimination model, we present the second-generation trauma-informed supervision model (TISM), a six domain by three foci by three role model to address this gap. We illustrate each of the 54 domain-foci-role combinations with trauma-informed supervisory examples that can inform the education and training of both counselors and supervisors. In addition, we discuss the use, cautions, and implications of the TISM, including the need for further research.
Recommended Citation
Luke, M., & Litt, S. (2025). The Trauma-Informed Supervision Model (TISM). Trauma Counseling and Resilience, 2(2). https://doi.org/10.33470/2997-7088.1060