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  Oral History Interview: Emoferne Carter

  Emoferne Carter

  This interview is one of a series conducted concerning the history of Marshall University. Mrs. Carter begins the interview by giving an overview of her background, family life, and education , which includes a degree from Marshall University. She speaks of her work for Marshall Artists Series as secretary/treasurer, Curtis Baxter and Jim Martin. She also mentions former president Stewart Smith. She concludes by talking about her retirement in 1978 and her move to Lexington, MA. She also briefly discusses student life, sororities and fraternities, and the Great Depression.

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  Oral History Interview: John Carter

  John Carter

  This interview is one of a series conducted concerning West Virginia business history. At the time of the interview, John Carter was vice-president of E.F. Hutton, stock broker, portfolio manager. He discusses: some history of E.F. Hutton; a brief section on the San Francisco earthquake; employee education and qualifications; and business practices.

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  Oral History Interview: Pearl Swann Carter

  Pearl Swann Carter

  This interview is one of series conducted concerning Oral Histories of African-American women who taught in West Virginia public schools. Pearl Swann Carter began teaching at a school in Clintonville, West Virginia. She gives us detailed information about her family throughout the interview, including her husband and children, a relative who was a slave, a story about her sister becoming mayor of White Sulphur Springs, and organizations her husband and her family belonged to. She attended Bethune school, Bolling High School[?], and West Virginia State, and then graduate school (which includes Marshall University); she gives us information about them, including school activities. She discusses her childhood in detail, telling us about her activities and entertainment (such as dancing at home), her childhood house, Christmas, the Silas Green Show (a variety show), and she also remembers a lynching, which was part of the Greenbrier lynchings. Her teaching career is another large topic, but she also discusses her employment history outside of teaching. She came to be a teacher at Bolling High School and taught there for 22 years before it was closed. She also taught at White Sulphur Springs High School (where there were tensions, protests, and a riot over racial issues) and Greenbrier East--she discusses both. Mrs. Carter also served on the Board of Education. She tells us about the Greenbrier resort, White Sulphur Springs, having a black cheerleader and other black students on the footfall team and music organizations at White Sulphur High, as well as her teaching methods. Racism and race relations are another emphasis, and she discusses segregation, white friends, attending a white church, racism throughout her life and how she and her family have dealt with it, and situations facing black men and black youths. She also recalls the desegregation of schools. Other education-related topics include changes she sees in teachers, her students, and her choice on becoming and being a teacher. She discusses a number of other topics as well, such as church and religion, how being a woman has shaped her life and differences she sees between men and women, serving on the town council, organizations she belonged to, her self-perceptions, influences in her life, and thoughts about her life in general. The interview concludes with an anecdote about a student seeing a snake in the cafeteria.

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  Oral History Interview: Stimey (Thomas) Carter

  Stimey Thomas Carter

  This interview is one of series conducted concerning the Oral History of Appalachia. The subject of this interview is Camp Washington Carver in Clifftop, WV. He discusses: brief information about his personal history and his family; his experiences at the camp and how the camp affected his life; detailed information about Boys State (sponsored by the American Legion); racial integration at the camp; race relations among children; differences between segregated and integrated schools; and other topics.

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  Oral History Interview: Florence Walker Casey

  Florence Walker Casey

  This interview is one of series conducted concerning Oral Histories of African-American women who taught in West Virginia public schools. Florence Walker Casey began teaching in 1960 at Lincoln Heights in Cincinnati, Ohio. She discusses her family in detail throughout the interview, including family life during childhood, her marriage and divorce, raising her son as a single mother and her relationship with her son, as well as her thoughts on single parents in general. She also gives us detailed information about her education (which includes Garnett High School and West Virginia State College) and she tells us about her sorority (Alpha Kappa Alpha), which gave Florence a scholarship in college. She includes detailed information about her childhood, including activities, entertainment, social affairs, and dating. Her employment history is a large topic, and this includes her jobs outside of teaching. Her first job was at Lincoln Heights, and she had problems finding subsequent work. She also had to stop work because of her pregnancy, but later taught at Loundendale Elementary and Fruth Elementary School. In addition to general information about her teaching career, she also discusses more specific topics in education, such as her students, medication use in students, discipline problems she sees in children, problems faced by black students, struggles she has had with parents, changes she sees in modern students, as well as her decision to become a teacher in the first place. Racism, race relations, and sexism are other topics, including her growing awareness of prejudices and personal experiences with it, as well as prejudices she sees among African-Americans. Some other topics she discusses are: church and religion in her life (she was a Baptist); her sex education; organizations she belonged to; her life in Cincinnati; her friends; thoughts on her life in general; loses in her life (such as her divorce and losing a family member named Cybil); her thoughts on the modern world; life-changing events; her current life and her current activities; her self-perceptions; religion in her life; her thoughts on her American and West Virginian identity; and numerous other subjects. The interview concludes with one of the interviewers (Ancella Bickley) discussing modern African- American women.

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  Oral History Interview: Richard W. Cassell

  Richard W. Cassell

  This interview is one of a series conducted with former employees of the Huntington Owens-Illinois, Inc. glass bottle factory. Mr. Richard W. Cassell, born July 30, 1935, began working at the Owens glass plant in 1959 in the selecting department. He worked at a number of jobs over the years including machine operator, sweeper, machine foreman, and line production assistant. In 1993, Mr. Cassell was laid off due to the plant shutdown. In this interview, Mr. Cassell describes the details of the jobs he performed, gender and race discriminaton at the plant, and worker-management relations. He talks about his numerous family members who also worked for the factory. He discusses changes in management, union activities and strikes, social activities, and injuries suffered at the plant.

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  Oral History Interview: Robert Cassell

  Robert Cassell

  At the time of the interview, Robert Cassell was working for the Veterans Administration in Charleston, WV. He discusses his background, his military service, his studies at Marshall University, President of the University Roland Nelson, student activism, newspapers, a book he was writing, and several wars (including ones in colonial times, Korea, and Vietnam).

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  Oral History Interview: Alta Mae Caudill

  Alta Mae Caudill

  This interview is one of a series conducted concerning education in West Virginia. Mrs. Caudill, born in Gary, West Virginia, is a retired school teacher. In 1973, she was residing in Madison, West Virginia. Topics discussed include: the Depression, F.D.R., World War II, prohibition, silent pictures, and her teaching experiences.

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  Oral History Interview: Betty Chafin, Joe Chafin, Opal Mann, & Vivian Sansom

  Betty Chafin

  This interview is one of a series conducted concerning labor union women. Only transcripts for tapes 3, 4, and 6 are available. This interview was conducted by Dr.'s Barbara Matz and Francis Hensley and is part of a series titled "Our Working Lives." It is conducted with members of the International Ladies Garment Workers Union and the Amalgamated Clothing Workers Union. Items discussed are current issues for women in the labor movement in West Virginia, piece work, wages, quality of clothing, and the DeCasper Corporation and the Huntington Dress Factory. The interviewees also discuss: corporations such as Huntington Industries and J.P. Stevens; the garment industry (including the damaging effects of imports); hiring practices; employment benefits; politics; voting; women in the union; women's rights; the Committee on Political Education and education in general; their families and their personal histories; differences they see between their generation and modern youths; and other topics.

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  Oral History Interview: A. B. Chapman

  A. B. Chapman

  This interview is one of series conducted concerning the Oral History of Appalachia. Mr. Chapman was born in Lawrence County in Ironton, Ohio. He discusses: detailed information about his childhood and the town he grew up in; an anecdote about a dog stealing newspapers; an anecdote about his brother falling into a drop pit; as well as his employment history, including very detailed information about his apprenticeship as a blacksmith. It also contains an extra page describing Dutchman welding as shown for the top rail of a locomotive frame.

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  Oral History Interview: Bob Chapman

  Bob Chapman

  Bob Chapman was born in Louisa, KY. He grew up on Homemade Holler in the coal community of McVeigh, KY, located in Pike County. His father worked for the Eastern Coal Corporation as an explosions miner. Mr. Chapman attended a two-room school house for a short time in the 1940s, but continued his education through high school in the McVeigh school system. In the audio clip provided, Mr. Chapman discusses a typical day in a coal community and the class system within this community. In his interview, he also focuses on the integration of Belfry High School in 1957, and his church community and the role of religion in his life.

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  Oral History Interview: Ottrus Chatman

  Ottrus Chatman

  This interview is one of series conducted concerning Oral Histories of African-American women who taught in West Virginia public schools. Mrs. Ottrus Chatman began teaching as a substitute teacher at Simmons High School at Montgomery, WV. She gives us detailed information about her family throughout the interview, including her marriages and husbands and one husband's death, her relationship with her mother, the Burke-Wheeler Family Reunion (Burke was her maiden name and the reunion took place in Washington, D.C.), and information about her relationship with one of her husbands (including their history and how they met). She tells us about childhood social activities and Christmas, and also discusses her education in detail, including her decision to go to college. She attended Simmons High School in Montgomery (WV), West Virginia State College, and graduate school at Ohio State University. She was a member of the Delta's sorority (Delta Sigma Theta?) and the Pyramid Club. She discusses getting her job at Simmons (High School?) and her teaching job at Aracoma High School, which lasted 17 years. Other education-related topics are her teaching methods, details about her experiences teaching, teachers she knew, her students, and changes she sees in modern teachers. Some other topics in this interview are: World War II; organizations she belongs to; church and religion (she was a Baptist); her friends (including white friends); a brief section on women's rights; thoughts and regrets about her life in general; the death of a friend and other friends she had; changes she sees in modern family life; her self-perceptions; managing a funeral home; racial integration in general; as well as other subjects. The interview ends with more information about organizations she belonged to and her family.

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  Oral History Interview: Fred R. Chiles Jr.

  Fred R. Chiles Jr.

  This interview is one of series conducted concerning the Oral History of Appalachia. Mr. Chiles was the director of the Arts Camp at Camp Washington Carver. He talks at length about his childhood years, his years as a 4H camp member, what caused him to become interested in the camp as an adult, and their activities. He talks of the different groups that utilized the camp, such as the Girl Scouts and Brownie Troupes. He discusses camp rules, the fact that the swimming pool at Camp Carver was the first and for some time the only swimming pool for blacks, and the NAACP and their involvement. He also talks about his segregation experiences, George Washington Carver, Booker T. Washington, and Ralph Bunche.

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  Oral History Interview: Thomas W. Chiles

  Thomas W. Chiles

  This interview is one of series conducted concerning the Oral History of Appalachia. The subject of this interview is Camp Washington Carver in Clifftop, WV. Mr. Chiles was the director of the camp and was with the Fayette County Board of Education. He discusses: his family; his experiences attending the camp; his experiences as camp director; stories about the camp; and other topics.

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  Oral History Interview: Samuel B. Chilton

  Samuel B. Chilton

  Samuel B. Chilton, a member of the prominent Charleston family who owned the Charleston Gazette, has spent a lifetime in the center of West Virginia's capitol. A knowledgeable person, his interview is lively and spicy, full of some rather risque anecdotes. Mr. Chilton and his interviewers discuss the development of St. Albans and Charleston, the West Virginia state government, the Roosevelts and the Rockefellers in West Virginia, sports, horse and dog racing, and prostitution. More personally, Mr. Chilton also discusses his childhood, family and friends.

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  Oral History Interview: Jim Choknacki

  Jim Choknacki

  This document is a transcript of a statement given by Jim Chojnacki at a public hearing conducted by the West Virginia Department of Energy on June 28, 1988, in Lincoln. The purpose of the hearing was to give residents a chance to voice their opinions concerning an application by two coal companies to strip-mine at Six Mile Creek in Lincoln County. Jim Chojnacki argues against the permit, saying it would pollute the area and have bad economic effects.

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  Oral History Interview: Mary Elizabeth Behner Christopher

  Mary Elizabeth Christopher

  This interview is one of series conducted concerning the Oral History of Appalachia. In this interview, Mary Elizabeth Behner Christopher discusses: feminism and women's rights; her family (including her father who worked to open up schools in the Philippines); detailed information about life in the Great Depression; promoting education and its effect on people; the Presbyterian Church and other churches; the movie "The Dirty Dozen"; relations with African-Americans and other ethnic groups; being a church delegate to go to Vietnam during the war and the situation in Vietnam; her involvement in political activism; as well as other topics.

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  Oral History Interview: Dr. Sam Clagg

  Sam Clagg

  This interview is one of a series conducted concerning the history of Marshall University. Dr. Sam Clagg discusses his family, his education at Marshall University and his experiences with the football team (as a member and as a coach), society in general, drug and alcohol abuse on campus, college classes and professors (contrasting when he was in school and school today), President Roland Nelson, the Great Depression, World War II and his experiences in the military, fraternities and sororities, student government, differences between students of his time and modern times, and religion.

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  Oral History Interview: Verona A. Clarke

  Verona A. Clarke

  This interview is one of series conducted concerning Oral Histories of African-American women who taught in West Virginia public schools. Verona Clarke's daughter Bobbi Jean Clarke participated in this interview. Verona A. Clarke began teaching at Genoa Elementary School in Genoa, West Virginia. She gives us detailed information about her family throughout the interview, including family life, a relative who was a slave, much information about her husband and medical organizations her husband belonged to (he was a dentist), as well as her daughter Bobbi Jean Clarke. Her childhood is another topic, and she discusses childhood social activities. Education is a large topic as well, and she discusses it in depth. She attended Liberty High School, Bluefield State College, and Ohio State University. She was also a part of the Delta sorority (Delta Sigma Theta?), and also tells the interviewers about her friends during school and after. She discusses her employment history, including work outside of teaching (such as a school cafeteria and a tobacco field). She taught home economics at the Appalachian Power Company (for the Department of Agriculture?) and also at Williamson High School, both of which she discusses. Race relations is another big topic, and she gives us information about segregation in businesses and schools, the desegregation of schools, Martin Luther King, Jr., and the Civil Rights Movement. Some other topics include: church and religion in her life; organizations she belonged to; her views on education in general; thoughts on her life in general; as well as other subjects. She ends with more information about her family.

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  Oral History Interview: Maurice Clark

  Maurice Clark

  This interview is one of a series conducted concerning West Virginia Vietnam veterans. At the time of the interview, Maurice Clark was assistant vice president of Huntington Federal (bank?). He discusses: his personal history and his family; his service in Vietnam; contracting malaria in Vietnam; his views on the Vietnamese people; his experience returning to America after the war and his employment; and pursuing a degree at Marshall University.

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  Oral History Interview: Ralph Clay

  Ralph Clay

  This interview is one of a series conducted with former employees of the Huntington Owens-Illinois, Inc. glass bottle factory. This is a short interview consisting mainly of a dialogue between the interviewee and the interviewer concerning the technical side of the work Mr. Clay did at Owens. At the prompting of the interviewer, Mr. Clay discusses worker/management relations and the strength of the local Glass Bottle Blowers union. The last part of the interview concerns the social activities which Mr. Clay took part in which were connected to his employment at Owens.

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  Oral History Interview: Gregory Clayton and Mrs. Gregory Clayton

  Gregory Clayton

  This interview is one of a series conducted concerning the experiences of West Virginian war veterans. Mr. Gregory was born on Mill Run in Webster County, West Virginia. He served during World War I and afterwards taught school for forty-four years in West Virginia. Mrs. Gregory was born in Putnam County, and taught school in Poca, West Virginia. During the interview, they discuss the war, teaching experiences, religion, and old-fashioned home cooking. The couple was retired as of 1973 and residing in South Charleston, West Virginia.

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  Oral History Interview: Alice Hines Cleland and General Charles L. Bolté

  Alice Hines Cleland

  This interview consists exclusively of the recollections by Cleland and Bolté of West Virginian General John Leonard Hines, a former United States Army Chief of Staff. Alice Hines Cleland and General Charles L. Bolté deliver, in this interview, a detailed and lengthy reminiscence of the life of General John Leonard Hines, a native West Virginian who served as U.S. Army Chief of Staff; Hines was also involved in many notable military operations and compaigns such as the Phillipine Insurrection and the Punitive Mission (Pancho Villa affair), which are described within the course of the interview.

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  Oral History Interview: Leslie Clendenin

  Leslie Clendenin

  Leslie Clendenin grew up and lived in West Virginia and was 83 at the time of the interview. She discusses her experience growing up on a farm as well as religion, education, rural health, her family, funerals, midwives, and a detailed discussion of slaughtering pigs. This interview is one of series conducted concerning the Oral History of Appalachia.

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  Oral History Interview: Anita Cline

  Anita Cline

  This interview is one of a series conducted concerning the history of Marshall University. At the time of the interviews, Anita Cline was a student at Marshall University. She discusses her family, her career plans (a teacher), her education (at high school in Raleigh, Marshall University, West Virginia University), her employment history (Including a toy store, babysitting, Krogers, and a summer job at snack bar--she also discusses her boss), her childhood on a farm, her life in general, marriage in general, her plans for a family, and her mother's experiences as a teacher.